понедельник, 4 февраля 2013 г.

Luogo di lacrime


Daroga, en Perse, commandant général de la police du gouvernement.
-- "Призрак оперы", глава 22

<…> there are in every town other officers for the maintenance of order, such as the darogha, the meer-ufus and the mohtusib. The darogha, or superintendant of the bazars or markets, holds his office from the government. He settles the disputes that occur in the markets, hears complaints, and decides without appeal. If a shopkeeper refuses to execute, or violates, his agreement, and complaint is made to the darogha, he obliges him to perform it; or, if a debtor should prove that he is totally unable to satisfy claims made upon him, he grants a certain time for the fulfillment of his contract. This magistrate also superintends the morals of the people; and, if he detects any of them drinking wine, or in the society of courtesans, he compels them to purchase his connivance at no small expense. Hence the office of darogha is extremely lucrative: for, in addition to the presents and bribes which he is in the habit of receiving, the shopkeepers supply him gratuitously with every thing he requires, that they may ensure his protection and favour.
-- Encyclopaedia Londinensis, or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature, Том 19, Лондон, 1923 г., статья "Персия".

Как видим, дарога действительно выполнял правоохранительные функции в части гражданско-правовых отношений и арбитража, а также общественных нравов. В его юрисдикцию входили преступления, совершённые в течение дня; по ночам за правопорядком следил meer-ufus.
Кроме того, эта должность - замечательная кормушка для родственника правящей династии.
И довольно очевидно, какие услуги мог оказать блюстителю нравов человек, который любит быть в курсе подробностей чужой личной жизни.
Но не нужно думать, что дарога привлекал нарушителей исключительно к административной ответственности:

Criminal justice is administered by the civil magistrates, according to the ourf, or common law. There is neither public prison nor public executioner: the only  places of confinement are dark and filthy apartments in the houses of magistrates, whose servants perform the office of executioners. The kinds of punishment are numerous, and vary according to the nature of the crime, and the quality of culprit. The bastinado is the most common. The legs of the sufferer are tied together and raised by means of a cord fastened to a tree or stake: the soles of the feet are then heated with a stick. The rule is to give at least thirty strokes, but never more than three hundred. When a person is convicted of perjury, his throat is crammed with tow or rags, and melted lead poured into his mouth. Swindlers are branded on the forehead with a red-hot iron; house-breakers and coiners of counterfeit money have a hand cut off. Tradesmen using false weights are put into a kind of walking pillory. A thick plank, with a hole in the middle to admit the head, rests upon the shoulders of the culprit; to this plank is fastened a bell: a straw cap is placed on his head, and thus accoutered he is paraded through the streets of the town.
Там ещё есть прекрасное описание смертной казни через четвертование. В общем, вот чем занимались милый дарога и верный Дарий в покоях мазендеранских палаццо. Ничего удивительного, что приказ убить Эрика и строителей шахского дворца был отдан именно дароге: силы и средства у него для этого явно имелись.

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